“The nature of online social interconnection means that every post and like is directly political, whether users want them to be or not. The widely circulated “Drunk Nancy Pelosi” deepfake – in which footage of the US Speaker of the House was manipulated to ridicule her after a confrontation with the president – is a case in point. Whether or not people believed the clip was authentic is beside the point; it was a participatory meme that allowed people to partake in some petty cruelty and advertise their allegiances.”